religion looks like a case of exaptation — an expression of human thoughts and emotions that originally evolved to solve problems other than cooperation, but once in place were swiftly adopted for solving problems of cooperation. Further evidence in support of religion as exapta...
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it continues to drive desire. Because the reward system isn’t delivering the goods, excess unfolds driven by a wanting system that is looking for pleasure in all the wrong places. When we were hunters and gatherers, excess was an unborn concept. We lived on the edge then, enjoyi...
means that maturation eventually legitimizes individuals as potential evildoers. It does not, however, cause a shift in our sense of evilrecipients. Willie Bosket may not have been an evildoer, but he certainly could have been an evilrecipient. What about psychopaths, people lik...
Unsurprisingly, Democrats expressed more pleasure from reading about Bush’s bicycle accident, whereas Republicans were more joyful over Kerry’s bizarre space suit. Surprisingly, Democrats also expressed pleasure from reading about the economic downturn, and more pleasure than the...
tend to leave them within this arena even if they lose particular capacities. Conversely, if scientists discover that an organism outside the arena of moral patient-hood has capacities of experience and agency that are on a par with those inside the arena, this evidence often pro...
On April 16, 2007, Cho dressed up in army fatigues. He left his dormitory and killed 32 people and wounded 25 others with a semi-automatic Glock 19 pistol filled with hollow-point bullets, designed to cause more tissue damage than traditional bullets. Cho then shot himself in the...
HARMING OTHERS, version 1.1: microcontrollers In any competitive situation, whether it is animals working out a strategy for maximizing the odds of obtaining food or humans working out a strategy for maximizing the odds of check mating an opponent’s king, someone will walk away...
pairs. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23, 421-433; Sharot, T., Shiner, T., Brown, A. C., Fan, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2009). Dopamine Enhances Expectation of Pleasure in Humans. Current Biology, 19(24), 2077-2080; Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., & Baler, R. D. (2011). Reward, dopamine and...
Professor Alan Dershowitz Harvard Law School 1575 Massachusetts Avenue Hauser Hall 518 Cambridge, MA 02138 Hon. Louis J. Freeh Mobile: 202.215.8321 January 22, 2016 RE: FOIA Request Dear Professor Dershowitz: As you know, on April 6, 2015, a request was made to the United St...
Endnotes: Chapter 2 Recommended books Bloom, P. (2010). How Pleasure Works. New York: W.W. Norton. E. Staub (2010). Overcoming Evil. Oxford University Press. Notes: * Mr. Greed, Bernie Madoff: Fishman, S. (2009). Bernie Madoff, Free at last. New York Magazine, vol. June, pp. 1...
evaluation of desirability. Morewedge’s experiments point to a mismatch between how delicious something is and how delicious we think it will be, or how delicious we thought it was. It reveals a distortion in our capacity to anticipate — or forecast in the words of the American...
Envy emerges out of our sense of fairness, fueled by competition. It is part and parcel ofa hierarchical society. When we envy someone, we have detected a difference or inequity between our own condition and that of another. We want what someone else has, presumably because we li...
Were those who put their money in Madoff securities entirely innocent? Or, like Madoff, did they too allow their desire for more wealth to run wild? Was Madoff’s desire for extreme wealth that far off the curve of human variation? And if he was off, who or what do we blame? Could...
enables you to ramp up or down the activity in the pleasure center. Want to get a bit more out of your dinner, a movie, tennis stroke, work, or sex? Flip the switch. Want to buffer yourself from the pain of ostracism, a romantic break up, or a colonoscopy? Flip the switch. Would...
early age, but with important developmental changes in play. There is a tendency for children to both recognize inequities early in life, but to act selfishly when possible. The envy game shows this beautifully. When another child could receive more, children rejected this option...